The objective of this project is to develop a complete and coherent musculoskeletal model of the human spine for investigating spinal loading. This model will incorporate a consistent anatomical dataset of the spine that is obtained based on medical images (CT and MRI) and detailed dissection of one male cadaver. This dataset includes segmented bone surfaces, three-dimensional coordinates of muscle attachment sites, architectural muscle parameters, and definitions of bony wrapping surfaces. The credibility of this model will be studied for use in clinical research.